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International
Recommendation 2:
The COP should expressly refer to both the effects of climate change on the exercise of human rights and the need for Parties to respect, protect, promote, and fulfill human rights in all climate-related activities. This could include: (i) recognizing the human rights-climate change nexus in the preamble to the agreement; (ii) noting that one purpose of the agreement is to protect, respect, and fulfill the human rights of all persons; (iii) calling for mitigation commitments that are sufficient to fully protect human rights; (iv) calling upon the parties to ensure that all mitigation and adaptation activities do not violate human rights; and (v) incorporating more robust human rights safeguards into climate finance mechanisms.
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Recommendation 7:
To facilitate the activities noted above and other rights-related goals, it may be desirable to introduce new mechanisms for sharing information, coordinating responses, and promoting accountability. Some examples might include:
1. Work Programme on Human Rights – The COP could establish a work program on human rights, pursuant to the recommendation of the Special Procedures mandate-holders of the Human Rights Council. This work programme could compile data, conduct research, evaluate progress, and develop recommendations on how human rights can be better integrated into climate change responses.
2. Information Sharing Platform – Alternatively, or as a complement to a UNFCCC work program, the COP and/or another UN body could introduce a platform for compiling and sharing information and best practices—e.g., examples of successful mitigation and adaptation measures with human rights co-benefits, national and sub-national policies that are particularly mindful of human rights, and cost-effective strategies for improving public participation in climate-related decision-making.
3. Human Rights Accountability – The COP or another UN body could establish an independent accountability mechanism to evaluate human rights performance in the context of climate-related actions taken by countries and private actors. The UNHCR could also issue a declaration or guidance document calling upon countries to incorporate climate-related considerations into their UPR reports.
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